Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Before the death of Old Major the animals atomic number 18 inspired to rebel against the humans. They join together as a strong team to eventually, in chapter two, drive Mr. Jones from the farm. The 7 Commandments are soon developed with all the animals contented as equals.Right from the beginning of the rebellion, the pigs sens be seen to be taking charge, then Snowball and Napolean called them together again, Comrades, said Snowball, it is half past six and we have a long day onward us. This quotation from chapter two shows the pigs giving out orders to the other animals and acting as a new Mr. Jones, however seemingly nicer.Throughout the story, the animals begin the trust the pigs to a greater extent and more, allowing themselves to be told what to do and be taken in with blind devotion. The pigs act on their newly gained trust and by the end of the story are fitting to lie back on their laurels and run the farm from the comfort of Mr. Jones armchair.The rebellion fails du e to the blindness of the animals, accepting each other as equal, but do not notice the pigs adding new rules to suit themselves, no animal shall kill another animal without due cause.The executions in chapter seven show distinctly the animals naivety towards the fast approaching leadership of the pigs. During the killings, the animals stand back and do not do a thing. Some animals, like Benjamin, suspect the overthrowing of the rebellion, but are afraid to do anything alone.The rebellion was doomed to failure from the beginning. The pigs good won the animals over with propaganda. An example of this came soon after the rebellion and the drawing up of the Seven Commandments, with the pigs justifying their need for milk and apples with lies and threats of Jones return.Squealer uses propaganda such as rhetorical questions, lies and threats to convince the animals to believe the pigs. Unfortunately for the animals, they are easily led. If it were not for their blind devotion, trust an d naivety, they could easily see how the pigs gradually gained power. The pigs also use the dogs as force to keep the animals in line, discouraging them from trying to rebel.United we stand would have worked easily for the animals in this case. One animal, Benjamin, did not stand up and face his suspicions, which could have resulted in the return of the phrase all animals are equal, instead of let it go so far for the pigs to add but some are more equal than others to the end.

Riot police clash with SLC crowd :: essays research papers

IVE BEEN IN riots and this was not a riot, flavour Lake City police Chief Rick Dinse said at a news conference at midmorning Sunday. I believe it was the recompense amount of force at the right time.Dinse said windows in several buildings and at least one vehicle were damaged during the clash, which began when individuals in a boisterous crowd in the thousands became unruly afterwards the Bud World beer garden attraction was closed after reaching capacity.Dinse estimated damage could reach the low thousands, but both he and Mayor bouldery Anderson objected to early reports that characterized the incident as a riot. 2002 Winter Games Full Salt Lake coverage Gold medals stripped from two skiers Police, crowd clash in SLC arrests do Celizic There should be gold medal for whining Sorry Ohno, but these are the No Games NBCOlympics.com Torson Injury Library Ask the Olympic Expert NBCOlympics.com Official Salt Lake site Local Games coverage More on Olympics We want to emph asize that this was a relatively minor disturbance, Anderson said. Frankly, I anticipated farthest worse than this and far earlier (in the Games).Dinse said between 180 and 200 helmeted and riot-gear clad officers responded to the area near Main and 200 South Streets after receiving reports that the crowd was acquiring out of hand. The gathering was declared an unlawful assembly about midnight and officers began slowly pushing the crowd, many of whom were chanting USA, USA, down Main Street to the south, Dinse said. overload Garcia, 18, of Salt Lake City told the Associated Press the crowd was yelling at police, and officers forced people against cars.The police were pushing people, he said. The cops just jumped across and set up a barricade. Two revelers fight in the street during a riot. Several shop windows were broken, but no injuries were reported.While many in the crowd obeyed orders to disburse, few individuals began hurling glass beer bottles at the officers, who responde d by firing about 40 rounds of impact devices at the lower extremities of members of the crowd, he said. The action quickly scattered the crowd.eighteen adults and two juveniles were arrested during the clash, and most were charged with public intoxication and failure to disburse, Dinse said. Most of those arrested were locals, but at least one was a Canadian citizen, he said.

Impacts of Tourism in Vancouver Essay -- Tourism

touristry is an endeavour sought by an individual or a party of individuals, which leads to a movement from one place to another with the high-mindedness of a specific task, to visit a place or several places with the primary purpose of achieving entertainment and increasing knowledge of countries, cultures, and their history. The expression largest industry in the world is universally used with mention to touristry, ensuring its recognition as the largest generator of wealth (over 11.7% of the global gross domestic product) and employment (7% of the worlds jobs) this shows that tourism is indeed an important industry that depends on culture and legacy.(Budeanu, 2002) Vancouver is feasibly one of the nearly prevalent tourist destinations in Canada due to many factors, from white-capped mountains to high-energy entertainment, and by recalling the most recent major event that occurred in Vancouver, the Olympics it is evident that this city unquestionably has something for everyone. Vancouver is considered a developed country many people come to this city to fail inspired by its beauty, but there is a rising concern that tourism expansion is leading destinations, such as Vancouver, to squander their cultural identity. By catering to the apparent needs of tourists they appear to forget their own roots and the culture that they were once proud of. The concern is the latent conflict between the scotch and cultural interests, leading to traditions and customs being sacrificed for reasons of promoting tourism creating a supplementary economic value at the expense of exhausting a cultural value. Tourism is a method to demonstrate the communitys pride and to teach others of their wonderful culture. Although tourism is astronomically i... ...-76e3dfcd8c82%40sessionmgr11&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29w ZT1zaXRldb=bth&AN=48793830db=bth&AN=48793830 Morrison, (2003. Vancouver real landed estate market trends, news and outlook Retrieved November 17, 2010, from http// www.realestatevancouver2010.com/market.html Ryan, C. (1991). Tourism and marketing - a symbiotic relationship? Retrieved November 17, 22010, from http//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V9R-45TVFH6-4 1&_cdi=5905&_user=1067211&_pii=026151779190064Z&_origin=search&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1991&_sk=999879997&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtb-zSkWb&md5=73d880153e08b4913ee7d601f49f60fb&ie=/sdarticle.pdf Schloegel, C. (2007). Sustainable tourism, journal of sustainable forestry. 247 264(3). Retrieved November 17, 2010, from http//pdfserve.informaworld.com/314885_770885140_902240910.pdf

The Cause Of Crime Today Essay -- essays research papers

The world is not the way it was. At one time plurality could sleep with their windows up and doors unlocked. In todays society people have to lock their doors and close their windows. Crime is at an ultimate high, and the world is slowly falling apart. This is not the work of the older generations, it is strictly the work of generation X. Teenagers are not what they use to be. A long time ago teenagers were loyal, respectful, and helpful to their parents, but not anymore. Todays teens live their admit lives. They do what they want when they want, and they dont listen to anyone much less their parents. These teens drink, do drugs, steal, and murder. They also feel the need to be accepted by their own kinds. This is how gangs are formed.&nb...

Porcupines :: essays research papers

Porcupines African Crested Porcupines Order rodent. A porcupines habitat and straddle forests, deserts, and grasslands of North and South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Porcupines can weigh from 2 to 60 pounds depending on the species. A prickly coat of needle-sharp quills is the porcupines best defense. Ordinarily the quills lay flat. merely if an enemy approaches the porcupine will raise the quills and spread them, usually deterring the enemy. If the animal is not deterred the quills may lodge in the enemys flesh when the porcupine brushes against the animal. New quills kick upstairs in to relace the lost ones. The porcupine cannot throw its quills. There are two groups of porcupines. They differ in habits and appearance. The porcupines of the Americas also climb trees. Some nourish been seen using their tails to hold on to branches. In the winter the North American porcupine eats evergreen needles and bark. When spring arrives they feed on leaves, buds, stems, and fruit. Depending on the species, the gestation period is from 2 to 7 months, bearing 1 to 4 young. The life span of captive porcupines can be as ofttimes as 20 years. The Future of the Porcupine They are nearsighted, have a deep red shine to their eyes, and four toes on each front rump and five toes on each hind foot. Porkies are the second-largest rodent in Wisconsin after the North American beaver. They can weigh 30 pounds or more(prenominal) in summer but their weight drops dramatically during the lean months of winter. Porcupines live in the northern two-thirds of the state in a territory that extends in a V-shape from about the Ellsworth area in Pierce County down to Wisconsin Dells and back up toward Green Bay. Porcupines, like most rodents, are vegetarians. Their winter diet consists of conifer needles, buds and the bark of pines, hemlock, maples and birch. How these critters survive on foods with a protein content of only two to three percent is truly amazing. Porcupines are slo ppy eaters who drop a lot of greenery that provides a welcome snack for white-tailed deer during deep snows. If you spot a small pile of freshly-snipped branches on a winter walk, its probable porcupines are nearby. Their winter dens are easy to find -- just follow your eyes and nose. Porcupines winter in caves and hollow logs. They travel the aforesaid(prenominal) paths every day.

Porcupines :: essays research papers

porcupines African Crested Porcupines Order rodent. A porcupines habitat and range forests, deserts, and grasslands of North and South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Porcupines can weigh from 2 to 60 pounds depending on the species. A prickly coat of needle-sharp quills is the porcupines best defense. Ordinarily the quills lay flat. But if an enemy approaches the porcupine impart raise the quills and spread them, usually deterring the enemy. If the animal is not deterred the quills may lodge in the enemys flesh when the porcupine brushes against the animal. New quills grow in to relace the woolly-headed ones. The porcupine cannot throw its quills. There are two groups of porcupines. They differ in habits and appearance. The porcupines of the Americas also climb trees. Some have been seen using their tails to yield on to branches. In the wintertime the North American porcupine eats evergreen needles and bark. When spring arrives they feed on leaves, buds, stems, and fruit. D epending on the species, the gestation period is from 2 to 7 months, bearing 1 to 4 young. The life span of captive porcupines can be as much as 20 years. The upcoming of the Porcupine They are nearsighted, have a deep red shine to their eyes, and four toes on all(prenominal) front foot and five toes on each hind foot. Porkies are the second-largest rodent in Wisconsin after the North American beaver. They can weigh 30 pounds or more in summer plainly their weight drops dramatically during the lean months of winter. Porcupines live in the northern two-thirds of the state in a territory that extends in a V-shape from about the Ellsworth range in Pierce County down to Wisconsin Dells and back up toward Green Bay. Porcupines, like most rodents, are vegetarians. Their winter diet consists of conifer needles, buds and the bark of pines, hemlock, maples and birch. How these critters survive on foods with a protein content of only two to three percent is truly amazing. Porcupines are s loppy eaters who drop a lot of greenery that provides a welcome snack for white-tailed deer during deep snows. If you spot a small pile of freshly-snipped branches on a winter walk, its likely porcupines are nearby. Their winter dens are easy to find -- just follow your eyes and nose. Porcupines winter in caves and hollow logs. They travel the same paths every day.

Organic Farming

Mary Sears Taylor ENG 1120 Blair Date sustainable Agriculture The Switch from Industrial to original P1 Agriculture is the most important occasionr of environmental resources and plays a crucial role in the economy, homophile health, and production of intellectual nourishment and fiber. Currently the see everyplace kitchen-gardening is how to feed the worlds growing population, but in a non-damaging process. Agriculture necessarily a change resulting in sustainability, but the debate begins with how to achieve sustainability in agriculture. One side insists on expanding the veritable system of industrial agriculture, which depends on monoculture and mechanization.This modern approach to agriculture, which developed during the 20th century, has successfully feed the growing population, but has resulted in devastating effects on the environment and human health. Organic farming techniques, on the other hand, have recently been introduced as another possible closure to sust ainable agriculture. Organic methods, including of crop rotation, pest management, and c everyplace crops, have prove to be less damaging to the environment. Despite the proven welfares, some(prenominal)(prenominal) believe that complete farming methods will not upraise enough food to feed the worlds growing population.Therefore, this side of the artless debate insists on merging native farming and industrial agriculture together. Even though feeding the worlds growing population is essential, human health should never be at cost. Organic farming needs to completely replace industrial agriculture. According to Gracelinks. org, sustainable agriculture is the production of food, fiber, or other prepare or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare. This definition proves that industrial agriculture does not ensure the requirements of sustainability due to its cause of land degradation, loss of b io kind, and pollution. Industrial agriculture has successfully produced an abundant amount of food, but the harmful effects it causes on the environment and public health are unacceptable and unsustainable. P2 Sustainable agriculture techniques aim to embrace farming practices that mimic natural ecological practices.Methods that are sustainable will benefit the farmer, the land, and the community as a whole. Brodt Sonja from The Nature Education Knowledge Project states, Agricultural sustainability rests on the principle that we must meet the needs of the present with erupt flexible the ability of incoming generations to meet their own needs. This definition only begins to prove that extreme farming is more sustainable than industrial agriculture. Industrial techniques compromise future generations ability to meet their needs.Even though industrial methods produce an abundant amount of food, the impacts are overwhelming on the environment and human health, resulting in an unsu stainable world. Despite those who nurture industrial agriculture or a combination of industrial and organic methods, I plunge research which proves that organic farming is solely the answer. The results I found confirm that the key to sustainable agriculture involves a complete shift of methods. After researching the debate, I am confident that a change from industrial to organic is vital to improve our environment and attain a sustainable agriculture.The organic farming approach to agriculture has proven to be more beneficial to the environment and public health, along with producing high yields. Agriculture will be made sustainable and ecologically sound by adopting organic farming techniques such as crop rotation, crop diversity, cover crops and pest management. These organic farming methods will continue to feed the worlds growing population without damaging consequences. P3 Sustainable agriculture strives to provide an abundance of food while using methods that do not harm t he environment and improve human health.The Union of Concerned Scientists states, Sustainable agriculture is grounded in the idea of stewardship preserving the resources that allow us to meet our own needs, so that future generations can meet theirs too. This means that an approach to farming needs to be economically viable, environmentally friendly, and beneficial to the society in order to be sustainable. Impacts of agriculture currently include land degradation, limits to urine availability, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. These forbid outcomes are caused by industrial agriculture methods.Yet, some people argue that industrial agriculture is more sustainable than organic farming. P4 Industrial agriculture is the current organise of agriculture used in the United States and other developed countries. Economy Watch defines industrial agriculture as a modern form of capital intensive farming which requires huge amounts of innovation in agriculture machinery. The properties of industrial agriculture, which include monoculture, the practice of growing a single crop yr after year, and reliance on chemical fertilizer, both result in destructive effects on the environment.Despite these consequences, industrial agriculture produces an abundant amount of food. Therefore, some people argue that the techniques of industrial farming need to be adjusted, not replaced. The article, Will Organic Food Fail to Feed the World, written by David Biello, argues a hybrid approach to sustainable agriculture. Biello states that industrial technologies have fed the swelling human population and the world already produces 22 trillion calories annually via agriculture. The certainty guards his argument that the methods of industrial agriculture result in an abundant production of food that successfully feeds the growing population. However, the methods used to produce the great amount of food are harmful to the environment. David Biello also attempts to argue that organic farming will not supply enough food. Quoting environmental scientist Verena Seufert, from McGill University, Biello states, We found that, overall, organic yields are advantageously lower than conventional yields. By quoting Verena Seufert, Biello uses an ethical appeal to support his argument. It proves the importance of industrial agriculture due to its high yields and food production. His solution to agriculture, combining methods of both industrial and organic farming techniques, is not sustainable. The impacts caused by industrial agriculture out way the benefits. There is a completely sustainable approach that allows farmers to produce enough food without harming human health or the environment. The approach is organic farming.Even though industrial agriculture produces an abundant amount of food, the methods rely on mechanization, monoculture, and man-made fertilizers and chemical pesticides. The reliance on these methods exhaust the natural resources that human life depen ds on. The Pesticide Action Network states, Industrial agriculture treats the farm as a factory, with inputs (pesticides and fertilizers), and outputs (crops. ) The use of comparison between farms and factories, two very opposite areas, informs the reader of the cast out impacts of industrial farming.The production of food in factories and the use of chemicals result in negative externalities. The reliance on monoculture in industrial agriculture results in a threat to biodiversity. Monoculture farming depends heavily on chemical inputs because growing the same plant in the same place year after year quickly depletes nutrients that plants rely on. The only way to replenish the nutrients lost, is by adding synthetic fertilizers. The synthetic products added to territory deplete the nutrients in crops as well as producing harmful pollutants into the air.The Pesticide Action Network notes that industrial agriculture uses 70% of the planets fresh water along with being responsible for 1/3 of global greenhouse gas emissions. These outrageous percentages can be reduced only if industrial agriculture is replaced. Industrial agriculture has a high price tag as well. In the article Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems, David Pimentel quotes the National seek Council when stating, The cost of excessive fertilizer use- that is, fertilizer inputs that exceed the amount crops can use- is $2. billion per year. Pimentels use of ethos and logos together successfully persuades the reader outdoor(a) from industrial farming. The harmful chemicals and high costs make industrial farming unsustainable. If sustainable agriculture is the goal, industrial methods and techniques must be replaced all together. Despite the arguments funding industrial agriculture, organic farming has proven to be the solution to sustainable agriculture. The beneficial results include more fertile soil, greater biodiversity and healthier food products for consumers.These benefits support the requirements of sustainability and are achieved through organic agriculture techniques. Organic farming methods include crop rotation, pest management, crop diversity, and absence of chemicals. By adopting these methods, farmers will produce sustainable farms that can feed the worlds growing population, without negative externalities that halt future generations from succeeding. Crop rotation is the process of growing contrasting crops in period in the same field or area. When farmers use this organic farming method they avoid consequences such as soil degradation.Crop rotations help to replenish normality in the crops soil, therefor chemicals are not needed to replenish the soils nutrients. Crop rotation also provides a solution to pest problems. Many pests prefer a specific crop, therefore continuing to grow the same in crop year after year guarantees pests a steady food supply. The Union of Concerned Scientists article, Sustai nable Agriculture Techniques, states that rotation reduces pest pressure on all the crops in the rotation by time out the pest reproductive cycles. This statement proves that organic farming methods are able to reduce the presence of pests.By planting different crops in a series, farmers decrease the vista of pest problems, in addition to using non-chemical fertilizers. The use of crop rotation allows farmers to produce healthier soil due to the absence of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The use of different plants in a row allows for an increase in soil organic matter which is healthier for the soil and crops being grown. The article, Sustainable Development Five shipway to jerk off Rid of Pests without Using Chemicals, argues that the switch from chemical pesticides has led to better soil health.The article quotes Thakur Das, a rice farmer with experience from switching to organic farming, and states, Most farmers use chemicals, but their soil is totally dead. This use of ethos sways the reader to believe the argument. Interviewing a farmer with experience, proves that organic farmers have healthier soil in comparison to farmers who use chemicals. Healthy soil is one of the most important elements of agriculture. Enriched healthy soil can improve yields and produce crops less vulnerable to pests. another(prenominal) unique benefit of organic farming is its ability to improve biodiversity.Biodiversity in farming is a key contributor to sustainable agriculture. While industrial techniques neediness in biodiversity, organic methods increase and support biodiversity. James Randerson, author of the article Organic Farming Boosts Biodiversity, discusses seventy-six studies that measured biodiversity. After the studies were reviewed, the results proved that sixty-six out of ninety-nine found organic farming more beneficial to wildlife. Randerson states, Organic farming increases biodiversity at ever level of the food chain. His use of logos blatantly dis plays the evidence to the reader, supporting the argument that biodiversity is increased through organic farming. In addition to Randersons proof regarding biodiversity, the article, Sustainable Development Five Ways to Get Rid of Pests without Using Chemicals, also proves that crop diversity improves agricultural biodiversity. Currently, pests thrive in monocultures. Monoculture is simply the practice of growing a single crop over a large area. This results in negative effects on the environment. An easy solution to this is crop diversity.The article quotes sustainable agriculture expert, Jules Pretty, when stating, Farm biodiversity is a more sustainable method of dealing with pests. The use of ethos helps persuade the reader that crop diversity is a sustainable method. Due to Prettys expertise, the information provided is in all likelihood to be true. Chemical additives, which pollute air and destroy crops, are in no way helpful to agriculture. Using techniques such as crop div ersity will decrease the need for chemicals. Organic farming methods have proven to increase biodiversity in agriculture, making it a more sustainable approach.The use of organic farming methods result is a sustainable farm. Sustainable farms produce foods without excessive use of pesticides. This process makes the food healthier for the consumer. Research from the Green Peace stack states that organic crops contain significantly more vitamin C, iron, and magnesium. Each of these are important to human health. The research supports organic farming, as opposed to industrial agriculture. Sustainable farming successfully produces healthy food in an environmentally friendly manner.

Animal Farm Essay

An allegory is symbolic narrative and the novel Animal Farm is vigour but symbolism. This novel represents many historical events that happened in Russia during the Russian Revolution. There atomic number 18 numerous battles in this book that symbolize the Revolution and other attacks that took agency in Russia during the 18th century. This novel also represents the control of power and the people who gain it. Most of the animals on this farm symbolize people in Russian history.The novel Animal Farm has many characters that represent important figures in the Russian Revolution. In the beginning of this book Old Major tells the farm somewhat his dream of a rebellion and how he believes that all the animals shall live equally and how someday they will not live by the rules of their farmer. Old Major represents Karl Marx. Karl Marx was the unity who spoke of the rebellion and led people to think of ideas to start this historical movement but didnt carry on the deed of following by with his ideas.Old Majors speech had lead to many conversations and secret meetings that the animals put together. This is what happened after Karl Marx idea spread. concisely enough everyone was talking about a rebellion or an overthrow of the government. For the animals in the novel the Rebellion came and they went against their farmer in a full protest and chased him and his wife away from the farm. This delineate the overthrow of the government for the Russians.After the Rebellion two leaders emerged and helped the animals throw and belt along the farm smoothly. The two were Snowball and Napoleon. These pigs made the commandments and set the rules so that the animals unploughed themselves and the farm healthy. The two pigs represent two very different people in the Russian Revolution. Snowball represents Leon Trotsky and Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin. These two men try to run Russia for as long as they could with no troubles.The animals are soon encountered with a troub lesome battle, The Battle of the Cowshed. The farmers come back and try to take back the farm. The farmers dupet succeed in doing this and sent home disappointed and a man short. This point in the book is symbolizing the Russian Civil War.Soon the animals are being split into classes and one class is starting to rise in power. The pigs are starting to do more and not have to work as hard. The other animals, on the other hand, have to work extra hard to get half the luxuries the pigs have. pugilist, the horse, always works hard and is loyal to the pigs and their decisions. Boxer represents the obedient, hard working people of Russia. Mollie, the pig, hides during battles and can be taken anywhere as long as there are sugar lumps and bows. Mollie represents the egoistic vain people of Russia. The pigs are being put on the pedestal and are represented of the Loyalists of the Communist Party. These groups are starting to be more mismatched the longer the pigs have control. This happ ens with the upperclassmen of the Revolution and the lower classmen will soon be unhappy.The next battle occurs over a windmill and is remembered as the Battle of the windmill to the animals. This battle occurs when Napoleon thinks the windmill is an absurd idea and scares Snowball away using fear to control the farm. He brings out the dogs that are the bodyguards of the farm and are meant to scare the animals into doing what Napoleon wants them to do. The dogs represent KGB, secret police whom Stalin uses to control society. The Battle of the Windmill also represents the Russian Civil War but it also represents Stalins rise in power.The power that Napoleon gains makes him horrible and unfair, the animals are not as smart as him so they do not know what is hap behind the scenes. Napoleon starts changing every commandment and starts acting more like a human than anything else. This is amusing because the farm and the animals except the pigs are tough the same or maybe poorer than when Jones the farmer was in charge. Stalin, represented by Napoleon the pig, uses fear to control society and has made Russia worse than it was when the Czar was allay ruling. The only thing that had gotten better is the conditions of the Loyalists of the Communist Party.As you can see this whole book is an allegory. The novel Animal Farm represents different historical figures and events from the Russian Revolution. The novel symbolizes how corrupt a person and society can be if given too much power. Animal Farm is a great commission of how Russian government was ran and how certain classes were treated.

Linguistics and Children Essay

This assignment volition firstly explain the meaning of the following terms, communicatory competence and metalinguistic awareness. Observations puzzle shown that children do imitate older peers and adults when speaking as well as signs of creativity from an early age when developing address. Then the minute section will evaluate the roles of creativity and imitation in regards to learning spoken English. This assignment will focus on the spoken English of childly children.Part 1Communicative competence Is a term that refers to the way in which a actors line user communicates efficiently and successfully depends upon their communicative competence. linguistic scientist Noam Chomsky depicted a variation within the term linguistic which he divided into to competence and performance. The term linguistic performance is associated with incorrectly and/or repeat un grammatical delivered actual utterances of language in use. Linguistic competence refers to the knowledge of the lan guage system which will enable the speaker to distinguish the utterances that are grammatical in the language from those that are not.(Chomsky, 1965 cited in Book3, pg 48) However linguist Hymes believed speakers need to attain distinctive skills in performance such as what is the socially take into account turn of phrase to accomplish the desired effect as well as knowing when to speak. With regards to children as well as learning the construction and sounds of crabbed languages they are actually learning the discourse procedures of their communities. The term also incorporates word meaning, grammar and pronunciations well as applying language aptly, verbally, written and non- verbal cues such as tree trunk language.(Book3, pg 201) Metalinguistic awareness Is a term used to define an individuals ability to reflect on the use of language in with regards to clarifying the transference of linguistic skills and knowledge across languages. When a language users metalinguistic aware ness develops they start to create new and refined use of metaphors such as the simile life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what youre going to get they also begin to realise that statements can live with an implied meaning as well as a factual meaning.They may even start to identify sarcasm along with contrariness which connects with an individuals capability of telling and /or sagacity jokes, manipulating language (Kerper, 2009) Part 2 Children can acquire language as a result of imitation even it isnt the initial method into language acquisition due to children demonstrating creative practice of language. (Book 3, pg 27) Infants produce a variety of sounds during the initial year of their life in addition to experimenting with vocal process.(Book 3, pg 8) The rate of development differs between each child, for character it is rare for a child to skip the babbling stage, which usually occurs at the modal(a) age of 11months, and another factor that assists speech development is physiological maturation. (Book 3, pg9) Benedict, 1979 cited in Book 3, pg19 researched development of vocabulary of a small group of children (8) during the course of half-dozen months. The findings demonstrated childrens ability to understand and create course between the ages of 10 months and on average 1 year 9 months.By the quantify the child is 11 months and 15 days they are usually attain a comprehension vocabulary of twenty words. The process of attaining words in product takes longer than it does in comprehension, comprehension can usually occurs 4 months before production. With regards to imitation the role of the caregiver (a term used for those individuals who spend the most prison term interacting with and looking after the child. ) (Book 3, pg 11) much research has been done in this area whereby the emphasis is on a pair in this case it involves the child and their principal(prenominal) caregiver, this is also known as a term called a dyad.The find ings from this research revealed that the person the child has most direct contact with impart the language environs that the child will model. Other linguistic modelling that adults provide is through caregiving schedules, for instances bathing and feeding, these routines provide occasions for conventional interactions concerning language. Peek a boo A customary naughty that is usually played between infant and caregiver and generally in Western cultures.(Book 3, pg14) As a rule the adult attempts to handle the infants interest the concealing their eyes behind a hand or an object after which a type of discourse occurs, for example the adult might say Are you ready? Then the infants vocalisations or actions are indicated as a response. This sequence of question and say is continued until the apprehension develops at this point the adult takes their hand away or removes the object and says Boo (Book 3, pg 15) Trevarthen and Aitken , 2001 cited in Book 3, pg 15 believed this kin d of game could be termed protoconversations, because it is similar to a conversation.It requires turn taking, each persons turn relies on the previous is input of the partner, therefore it is contingent, the partners understand the sequence queer the same intention. Therefore this kind of interaction initiates ceremonial features of conversations before young children are able to speak but prompt passage to language. A planetary observation made regarding the type of dialogue directed to children by adults is that the dialogue differs to that addressed to other adults.Consequently caregivers amend their dialogue for instance delivery slowed down, intonation is amplified and an elevated pitch may be used. Older children also adapt their dialogue for younger children comparable to adults, this is also evident that older children are emulating adults and implementing this technique to young children. (Book 3, pg15) this dialogue style is referred to as child directed speech (CDS) . Clifton Pye, 1986 cited in Book 3, pg 16 observed a community in telephone exchange America called Quiche, they spoken one of the native Mayan languages.The results showed a difference in the way in which Quiche caregivers and Western caregivers adapt their dialogue for young children. Regardless of this pagan difference in caregiver child interaction, the children in the Quiche community were able to speak fluently in their native language. Shirley Brice Heaths research 1983 cited in Book 3, pg 16 of black working-class English speaking community discovered that adults in this community didnt usually use baby public lecture when interacting with young children. The ways in which childrens grammar develop could also be due to imitation as well.Descriptive grammar is a term referring to how children organise and social system speech, it doesnt link to the correct English people should use. Investigations into childrens grammar showed that a constant procedure is involved in th e attainment of grammar. Crystal, 1995, cited in Book 3, pg 25 acknowledged seven stages ranging from formative years to adolescent. In the early stages of grammatical development children apply brief utterances of two to three words without any grammatical markers children are usually aged between 18 months to 2 years.In the next stage of usually 3 years children start to add markers to words such as tense ( I played), plural (one cat, two cats). The second stage within Crystals paradigm is a term called telegraphic speech during this stage, children do not use grammatical markers instead they use verbs, temporal adverbs, adjectives and nouns. The crucial information is apparent because the details and trimmings are outback(a) this telegraphic quality is stated in childrens imitation of adults speech. Also during the second stage it has been noted that childrens speech will likely to be a more water baby drink allgone sticky.However in this instance it is unlikely that children wi ll have heard adults imbibe these types of utterances which means they can be depicted as unique utterances, and since the meaning will be comprehensible, this utterance can also be viewed as a success. This all goes to illustrate that even at the first stages of language development children are showcasing their creativity. Most adults especially parents have heard their child/ran emulate them victimisation adult expression and even intonation.With regards to creativity and language development, numerous researches from the theories L. S. Vygotsky (1967) and Jean Piaget (1962) cited in Gillen, 2009 has found that there is a substantial link between play and language learning. Play encourages childrens imaginative thought process through playing with objects that will then eventually lead to a better understanding of their environment. As the childs ability to create more meaningful representations develop so does the more complex their play becomes. Bloom, 1993, p.216 cited in Gi llen, 2009, p 56. detect that a spurt in first words was usually due to development in play behaviours. From observations children unconsciously obtain rules about real-life behaviour, and implement what they have observed into their play with a mixture of their own imagination. When children are involved in pretence games with other children it is called sociodramatic play, within this type of play it is suggested that children practice antithetic registers of talk that they observe to fit in with that role.To conclude it seems as though the interactions typically viewed of caregivers and infants are not essential and general characteristic initial language experience. There was a variance in comprehension and creation of vocabulary. Evidence derived from research of language acquisition is usually carried out from a limited entreaty of cultural and social backgrounds so the findings of primitive grammatical development in English are from language users of the normal criterion o f the language.The section regarding play and language development suggests that creativity and imitation interlock, it appears that both coincide together it appears both weigh evenly in terms of forming spoken English. References Gillen, J. , (2009) Block C, Learning English, unit 17 The relationship between play and language learning, The Open University Kerper, M,. J. Metalinguistic awareness as defined through research San Diego State University 2009-08-10 Mayor, B. , Mercer, N. and Swann, J. (eds) Learning English, London, Routledge/The Open University.

History of Hippies and the Counter Culture Movement Essay

The origin of the word hippie derives from hipster which was first coined by Harry Gibson in 1940 in a song titled Harry the Hipster (as Harry referred to himself). Hipsters were beatniks who had moved into New York Citys Greenwich Village. retickniks were followers of the Beat Generation literary movement who through their writings, promoted anti-conformist attitudes and ideals. The first clearly used instance of the term hippie occurred on September 5, 1965 in the article A New Haven for Beatniks by San Francisco journalist Michael Fallon (who was writing about the Blue Unicorn coffeehouse). Similar counter culture movements had occurred in Germany between 1896 and 1908. Known as Wandervogel (which translates roughly to migratory bird), the youth movement arose as a countercultural reaction to the urbanization that was occurring in Germany at the time.Wandervogel youth opposed traditional German values and forms of entertainment and instead emphasized amateur music and singing, cr eative dress, and communal outings involving hiking and camping. They were a back to the earth generation who yearned for the simple, sparse, back to nature unearthly life of their ancestors. In later years, the Wandervogel Germans immigrated to the United States where they opened many West Coast area health food stores. Many moved to Southern California. everyplace time other Americans adapted the beliefs and practices of the Wandervogel youth. Songwriter Eden Ahbez wrote a hit song called Nature Boy that was inspired by the Wandervogel follower, Robert Bootzin. The song helped popularized health consciousness, yoga, and native food throughout the United States.

Essence of Educational Tour Essay

NARRATIVE REPORTThe World is a book and those who do not travel read only a pageSt. Augustine.educational Tour is part of the students journey towards learning. Learning is not only limited inside the four (4) w every(prenominal)s of the classroom, because we learn best when we atomic number 18 exposed to new experiences and things somewhat us. I, for one, Im looking at tours optimistically, that with the help of bringing the students outside, they tend to discover new things that theyre actually involved.During our educational tour dated phratry 11-13, weve gone to Cebu City, the Queen City of the South. I, together with my co-students who ar second year, third year and fourth year witnessed how it was really great to be exposed in some coachs around Cebu. We are there not only to merely read fun rather we are there to learn lots of things that are in line with our chosen field or pickyizations. Weve gone to dissimilar schooldayss namely CNU (Cebu shape University), Cebu B raille Center, SWU (Southwestern University). USJR (University of San Jose Recoletos), Saint Ezekiel Moreno Learning Center, Lapu-Lapu City Elementary in unflurried and Mandaue Sped Center. All of these schools provided all the needs that every student/pupil is to acquire as it is concern in educational system.During our visit, I was amazed on the facilities and service they provided to their students, in CNU (Cebu median(prenominal) University), they first introduced the history of where, how, and when did Cenu Normal University has started, its founder, its origin and how it evolves to become one of the best school around Cebu, they brought us to Cebu Braille Center and explained to us that they were not giveing this center, but because they wanted to help those special children, they let this center be in their community and later then they would want to find shipway and means to adopt this center as to be included in the Cebu Normal University Program. As I visit the center, I was very happy to aphorism how the students and pupils were trying their best to learn despite of their conditions, I was also touched by those teachers who render services to teach the students, and was greatly dumbfounded when I notice that those visually impaired graduates of their very own center, were there to teach those students worry them also.There were different facilities that could befound also, this facilities or resources were highly needed by the visually impaired learners, these were some of the resources found a) perkins brailler, which is actually some sort of type writer for the visually impaired, b) perkins printer, c) vector voice gadget, that records the things that they should study, d) talking calculator, e) cane, f) Braille garner/cards. I ascertained that their materials involve sounds or voice as well as to touch. And I am still amazed how they can still distribute to live life while smiling and I tend to cry have it offing how brave and strong th ey were. The next school we visited was the Southwestern University wherein Ive notice a teacher teaching kindergarten and was sufficient to realize that in order to catch the attention of your learner, you should make use of a teaching schema, and the teaching strategy she actually used was playing guitar that introduces her lesson which was all about vowel letters.I was really enjoyed looking at the teacher and the learners learning together. That was a kind of fulfilling sec on the part of the teacher. She was not only a teacher that time she also became a singer and a guitarist. How wonderful to looked at the learners faces enjoying the lesson. Another school we visited was the University of San Jose University Recoletos and Saint Ezekiel Moreno Learning Center and they welcomed us warmly, there Ive make don Maam Joynalyn Ceballos who speaks about the courses offered in the school, the programs they have and the policies they practice to produce a good student. We also visi ted there program library, and upon entering our jaw dropped for a while because of their library that was absolutely stunning. Their library was built the right way, its structure that almost stops everyone who entered. They have their books on their second floor which looks like a compilation of books slightly closed to the roof.They also have their Laptop area, a kind of table that able you to charge your laptop when the need arises. They have also a book check and a machine that tends to give an alarm when the books youve borrowed were not checked properly by the book check machine. So, theres no reason to lose their books there. And Mrs. Ma. Socorro L. Padilla, their Librarian explained this all. We also visited their Data Distribution center where all the net profit connections are controlled, and I saw a huge kind of cabinet made of steel and iron and have talked to Sir Rodelo Acasio, their programmer and controller. I also interviewed Mrs. Concepcion Delos Reyes, the sec retarial assistant of the College ofEducation, and she told me that they have 20 faculties in the school both part time and full time. And in St. Ezekiel, we observed the Special Children having their program. I felt terribly go by what I saw, because I cant even imagine myself be in their position, I felt very happy and somewhat like sad.Happy because they were given opportunity to be involved in that kind of event and also sad, knowing how hard it was to be in their situation. The next school we visited was Lapu-Lapu City Elementary School and observed a Special Education class as well as the different grade year levels, and I was able to witnessed how the gifted or the fast learner students could actually render a full song with a fast beat even if they were still in grade 1. I therefore realized that the learners in grade1 have special gifts that actually beyond any normal children does have. Lastly, was the Mandue Sped Center, and Maria Delia Minoza the principal had a lectur e or talked about Special Education, their special needs, the different kinds of special children, their capabilities and the services as a Sped Teacher should have in teaching different kinds of special children. She also added that SPED TEACHERS are barely like Gaisano Mall, 1 store but has it all. Same as when you are a Sped Teacher, 1 classroom, but has all the intelligences of the special children that you should control.I was able to saw the bakery of the center, headed by Maam Carolina F. Ambray. She told me that the bakery was there to help the special children to knew how to bake, and she also added that the bakery was itself controlled by those children with Autism and disability. They were the one who bake, make some cookies, cakes and breads. They also have waving machine, a machine that defecates or produces cloth such as shawl or bags made by abacca. And with all these, I was being surprised because just like us who do not have disability, special children were produ ctive also in their own little way. All that Ive discovered were never been this amazing. I was very surprised, amazed, grateful and with mixed emotions.Even from the very first moment to visit Cebu, I realized how important a teachers role is, how important the facilities takes part in the day to day life experiences of the learners, how the teaching strategies, teachings could actually build a break in student and because of what I have seen with this educational tour, I realized how is it very hard to have a disability and impairment, that regards of your loss or limitation. There are still chances to become productive, we shouldnever criticize and instead we should reinforce, motivate and show to the special children that they really do belong just like us.DOCUMENTATIONCebu Normal UniversityCebu Braille CenterLapu-Lapu City commutation Elementary SchoolUniversity of San Jose RecoletosMandaue Sped CenterThese were the facilities found in the center the center was teaching the st udents how to bake so that they would know to manipulate these objects. Because these objects were given by Japan group intended only for those learners with autism and any disabilities. Also, we have the waving machine a machine used to create blankets, bags and shawl. In Mandau Sped Center, they were not only teaching the students to learn academics, rather they were there to support the skills and abilities of the students. Enriching the capabilities of each of them and tries to showcase all the needed learning that every Sped students should and must(prenominal) acquire.BEED-4Of the 4 days tour, which part of the tour is educational or memorable to you?Of the 4 days tour, the part of the tour that I can say educational and memorable to me was when I able to visit the different universities/school around Cebu. I learned a lot, I discovered a lot and I realized a lot. I learned that educational tour was there not only for the benefit of having fun but, it is there to let you expe rienced a one of a kind journey that you could never experience when you were only inside the 4 walls of the classroom. I discovered that schools in Cebu City namely Cebu Normal University, Southwestern University, University of San Jose Recoletos,Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School, Cebu Braille Center and Mandaue Sped Center were a great school that enriches the knowledge and learning both normal students and special children. The universities provided a very edge-weapon towards excellence, and the evident fact of this were the facilities, structure, programs that the school were offering to produce a globally-competitive individual.From Cebu Normal University, which you could found the Cebu Braille Center, they caters different types of Special children whether visually impaired, sense of hearing impaired and a lot more. They provided materials for these individuals to learn more, and that would help them be convenient enough in studying. In Southwestern University, where t he teacher I have observed make used of the different techniques and strategies to make the kindergarten would really have fun in learning. In University of San Jose Recoletos wherein the facilities needed for the betterment of the learning were found, specifically the high-tech library that I could say that was absolutely conducive for learning, their Audio-visual room that looks like a theater, and the controlling unit of the internet connections made me feels terribly amazed.In Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School that the gifted students were found moved me because I cant actually imagined that a grade 1 pupil could actually sang a song which was in a fast beat, and take note that they sang it from the beginning until it ends. And their I saw also the Special children who were mute and I was very happy to looked at them welcoming us. And the Madaue Sped Center that teaches not only in the academics but also enriches the capabilities of the students through sewing, baking and many more. They have a facility such as sewing machines, they have bakery exclusive only for children with autism and disability and they have also waving machine to vreate blanket, bags and shawl that were made strictly in Abacca.Schools were there to educate the students, and if a school has a good quality of service, with a lot of facilities to be used in enriching the capabilities of the students, I know for sure that they could produce a student who can compete globally and will become a catalyst of the society. I was really amazed of what I have discovered during the tour, and I realized that being a teacher was not really an easy task to take, we may encounter different attitude, behaviors and values.And if we best these kinds of children successfully, I believe that we will become a teacher full of gratitude, understanding andlove towards our pupil. Even Sped Teachers because as what Maam Ma. Delia Minoza, Sped Teachers are just like Gaisano Mall, 1 store but has it all. In relation to Sped Teacher, 1 classroom but has all the behaviors to control. The experienced I had could never ever be erased and will always be a part of the journey that Im going to take. Education is the key.

A Brief Analysis of Kafka’s The Trial

On his thirtieth birthday, Joseph K. is arrested even though he has d sensation nothing wrong. Naturally Joseph K. is angry and annoyed. On the day of his thirty-first birthday, Joseph K. is interpreted to a nearby quarry by the warders and killed. Joseph K. does nothing to stop them from killing him. The Trial is the story of the intervening year between Joseph K.s two birthdays. This novel treats numerous subjects, but this paper will examine only three the mystery of the bureaucracy in the novel, sexuality during the process, and the economic and social point of view of The Trial.The bureaucracy in The Trial is large, impersonal and shake up. Prior to the beginning of the book Joseph K. is a successful businessman working in a bank apparently on the fast track for advancement and even greater success. After his arrest he and his life decline until his execution. Although Joseph K. is accused of crimes he did not commit . . . he calm down feels guilty about these unnamed offen ses (Meyers, 329). This guilt plays an important role throughout the novel. Joseph K. is mentally and emotionally paralyzed by his guilt of having been accused of the unknown crime.As feather boa writes, the experience of being arrested has taken Joseph K. out of his comfort zone and he is unable to operate he doesnt know what to do. What is the nature of the judiciary, what is the law, what should the individual on battle do? (1). The paralysis Joseph K. suffers appears to be psychological rather than due to a physical threat. The parable told to Joseph K. by the priest provides an accurate description of the state Joseph K. is in. In the parable a man from the coun seek comes to have access to the law however the doorkeeper will not admit the man.The doorkeeper steps past from the doorway and offers no physical resistance, but the man is paralyzed by what might be done by the institution. If you are so strongly tempted, try to get in without my permission. But note that I am powerful. And I am only the lowest doorkeeper. From hall to hall, keepers stand at every door, one more powerful than the other . . . (Kafka, 267-8). Rather than confront these possibilities the man sits on a stool by the door and waits. This is precisely what Joseph K. does. He tacitly accepts the non- armorial bearing of the court and submits to its jurisdiction. One cannot help but feel that if he were refuse to comply with the court that he would be free to continue living his life. The mystery of the bureaucracy of the court appears to be a psychological threat of the unknown combined with a mans natural inclination to obey the institutions that govern the locality where he lives.The stake area this paper will address is sexuality during the process. During the year of the trial, Joseph K. has a brief flirtation with Fraulein Brustner but she later refuses his advances. It is interesting that Brustner is very close to the German word brusten meaning breast. The desire to domin ate a woman has considerable Freudian implications that suggest that Kafka was greatly influenced by his mother, the source of his life and breastfeeding, and not evermore in a positive manner.During this encounter Joseph K. kisses her all over the face, like some animal lapping greedily at a spring of long-sought sportsmanlike water (Kafka, 38). This is an interesting foreshadowing of his execution where he dies like a dog (Kafka, 286). After kissing her Joseph K. returns home, he fell asleep almost at once, but earlier doing so he thought for a little about his behavior, he was bright with it, yet surprised that he was not still more pleased (38).This appears to be an example where a man dominates a woman to get his will without regard to her desire. This strength is uncharacteristic of Joseph K. particularly in regard to the interest he has with Leni, Hulds nurse. Leni appears to like men who are vulnerable. She has considerable control over her employer who must accept her care because of his heart condition and because she is unaccountable attracted to Joseph K. who is vulnerable because of the accusation against him.From an economic and social point of view The Trial is particularly interesting. The Trial moves beyond the household to explore the interlocking of social power and psychic social organisation in urban society at large (Boa, 133). Adler suggests that Kafka is writing about two defining factors stand out in this period.Firstly, the conflict between Czech, German and Jewish traditions and secondly, the struggle between Pragues history and modernisation sic Kafka appears to have had trouble reconciling these three worlds in his own life and feels he is unable to successfully struggle against the enormous, looming presence of the government and his religious background. It is interesting that Joseph K. actually has considerable impact, although it appears is unaware of it.In fact, the tribunal even follows his requests and confirms his as sumptions. Although K. tells himself what time he should arrive for his first interrogation, this turns out to be the same hour mentioned by the Examining Magistrate. K. decides that he will attend only one interrogation, instead of the series of short interrogations planned by the Court, and the Court complies K. accuses the warders, and the Court promptly punishes them . . . . (Lasine, 34).It is this lack of awareness of the capabilities that Kafka seems to warning the reader about. The Trial is not to be viewed as a plan or even a birdsong to change society, but an examination of authority intended to help people think for themselves about the issues in the book (Boa, 186).The Trial is a haunting frightening book in the same genre as the later books Orwells 1984 and Huxleys Brave New World. However, it is more subtle and thought provoking. Given the multi-leveled layers of bureaucracy both governmental and in business one wonders if The Trial is not more relevant today that when it was written near the beginning of World War I. Given the tautological of administrative law with its great power that is not subject to many of the protections of due process, it is easy to empathize with Joseph K.Works CitedAdler, Jeremy. What Was Lost? The Czech Jewish Community. European Judaism. 38, 2 (2005) 70+. Boa, Elizabeth. Kafka Gender, Class, and Race in the Letters and Fictions. Clarendon Press Oxford, 1996. Kafka, Franz. The Trial. Alfred A. Knopf New York, 1957. Lasine, Stuart. Kafkas Trial. The Explicator. 42, 3 (1985) 34. Meyers, Jeffrey. Swift and Kafka. Papers on Language & Literature. 40, 3 (2004) 329.

Nogo Railroad

Case Summary NoGo Railroad Dave Keller a chief dispatcher with limited managerial experience has gotten a major promotion, devising him the communication manager of the division. However this promotion has come with numerous problems. Because of NoGo Railroads unique operations it has had little to no competition and no compelling reason to modernize operations, tho that is about to win over as Dave has been given the mandate to observe different railway line functions, eliminate r be practices and modernize wherever possible.With rumors running rampant through the presidency of layoffs and job function interpolates, as headspring as previous failed seeks to implement other job changes similar to what management is again trying to implement, Dave realizes that he has a few problems ahead of him. With key problems being cutting employee costs and morale problems brought about by blatant nepotism and feather bedding, Dave believes that by eliminating these issues it would prev ent major layoff for clerks and telegraph operators.Both groups however would have to accept changes that would allow in reduced compensation and possibly additional responsibilities for them all. With a firm backing from a Federal that is k straightwayn to be rigid against concessions in these atomic number 18as Dave needs help from upper management that seems to not be forth coming. Coupled with his uncertainty about resistance action that may be take inn by the group Dave is feeling vulnerable and apprehensive about his new job and is questioning the intent can buoy his promotion. Questions and Task Assignment 1.Identify and explain the changes you would make to the current employment arrangement? Sean Murray & Kemoy Miller 2. What strategies would you put in place to effectively manage the change? Explain the blood between these strategies and the possible resistance to the changes. Racheal Callaghan & Aundre Hamilton 3. use the typeface as a reference point, explain th e importance of change/change management, and discuss its relationship to effective organization management and performance. Asha-Gaye Graham & David Rogers.Question 1 qualifyings to the Employment Arrangement (Insert answer here) Question 2 Resistance to Change and charge Strategies The inability of people to adapt to change is not new. Employees are not always receptive to change due to a combination of factors. Management may mitigate against richly levels of change resistance by taking these factors into packation and designing and implementing strategies to deal with issues that may arise. Some factors to consider are as follows 1. Self Interest- Employees tend to resist a change they believe conflicts with their self-interests.A proposed change in job design, structure or technology may increase an employees workload, for example, or cause a real or perceived loss of power, prestige, pay or benefits. (Daft, 2012) This factor seems evident in the case of NoGo Railroads as a key source of disgruntlement for employees was the rumor that they may have to assume responsibilities alfresco of their job descriptions without an increase in compensation, as well as a general reduction of benefits with the changes in the contractual pay agreement. . Lack of Understanding or Trust- Employees often distrust the intentions behind a change or do not visualise the intended purpose of a change. (Daft, 2012) Information about the changes that were to be utilize was far from free flowing and easily accessible. Instead rumors, whether true or untrue took main power and resulted in increased levels of distrust as employees were not fully aware of the reasons for the need for change and the actions that were to take place at NoGo. 3.Uncertainty- Uncertainty is a lack of information about future events and represents a fear of the unknown. It is especially threatening for employees who have a low tolerance for change and a fear of anything outside of the ordinary. They do not know how a change bequeath affect them and worry about whether they allow be able to meet the demands of a new procedure or technology. (Daft, 2012) Poor access to devout information lead to low trust levels of trust and also uncertainty which only increased NoGos employees resistance to change. . Different Assessment and Goals- Another reason for resistance in change is that people who bequeath be affected by a change or innovation may access the plaza differently from an idea champion i. e. in individual or group leading the change movement. (Daft, 2012) In response to these factors one may choose to either conduct a force field compend of the situation, which involves weighing the driving forces (problems or motivations that provide motivation for change) against the restraining forces (various barriers to change).Another approach would be to adopt specific evasive action to overcome resistance depending on the main factors causing the resistance. Some strategies i nclude * Communication and education, which essentially is the attempt to overcome uncertainty and lack of understanding by providing free flowing access to accurate and devolve information about the change and its results. * Participation, which involves including stakeholders of the change into the change process in order to have them understand and commit to the change. Negotiation, or the use of formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval for a desired change * Coercion, and the use of formal powers by managers to force the change on employees * And finally, diadem management support, that sees extend executives reinforcing the importance of innovation both verbally and symbolically which signals to employees that the changes is important for the entire organization. In the case of NoGo the to the highest degree effective strategies would be a combination of four of the specific tactics, namely Communication and education, participation, negotiation and top management support.Communication and education would be used to tackle the issues of distrust and uncertainty. By clearly informing employees of the objectives of the exercise, outlining the actions that are to take place and the benefits of these actions, all employees will be on the same page and dialogue that would pursue between management and the employees could be used to provide clarification and reassurance to employees where necessary, reducing the chances of conflict. After educating employees on the change that is to take place having them participate in the change would be the next step. By including them in the ecision making where necessary would mean they would be more vested in the project and less likely to reject something they helped build. Because of the character of the unions in employee affairs negotiations would be a must as a part of NoGos change implementation process, especially in regards to the pay contract. By coming to a mutually acceptable decision, conflicts are exceedingly avoidable. Finally after working to get employees vested in the change process it is important to now reinforce the importance of the drive for this change by top management showing their support for the initiative.This would tell employees that this process is indeed an organizational wide one, and everyone is vested in the effort and its challenges and successes. Question 3 Change Management and Effective Organizational Management NOGO Railroad has experienced little to no competition over the years. A need for change was identified by Dave Keller the Communications. Change Management will modify and transform the organization so as to facilitate efficiency and performance.Change is crucial to an organizations survival, as it allows the organization to hold water in a dynamic environment. Change is important as it allows an organization to able to be plastic and develop/maintain an organic structure. To achieve this NOGO Railroad will need to conduct an Organiza tional growth intervention. This intervention will include activities such as team building, inter-group educational and training, structural, interpersonal, coaching and career homework and organizational transformation.With these activities the culture and structure of the organization will change in such a way, which will improve the productivity of the organization, lower absenteeism, increase loyalty, lower human resource cost with the added implementation and enforcement of fitting human resource policies. Reference Daft, R. (2012). New Era of Management. 10th Edition. South- Western Cengage Learning. Hayes. J,(2002) The Theory and Practice of Change Management. MacMillian Holbeche. L,(2006) Understanding Change Theory, Implementation and Success. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.

Graphic Organizers Essay

Graphic organizers ar rattling(prenominal) tools for memoriseers of all abilities in all grades. They help students to visually and clearly organize their opinions and ideas. Students are enabled to see connections and relationships in the midst of information, facts and terms. For ELL students and struggling readers, this is particularly useful because it aids with language issues and challenges in comprehension these students struggle with. It visually provides them with a broad picture of this corpus of information they are trying to learn as opposed to haggling and language.Introducing and organizing instructional content can be done in a fun and simple way. I would begin with a simple fun math lesson that is on a more personal level. To let on the lesson the first step should describe to the students the lessons purpose (how to budget within your means), then explain its components (reason, acquit problems, communicate, computation) and finally model its use (3 column cha rt) together with the class. This will ensure students comprehend the material they are learning. The 5th grade class would be instructed to divide into 3 groups of 6. Each group will be assigned a budget of $60.00. I would then hand out menus to severally group from a popular fast food restaurant (Wendys). Students in each group will order both item off the menu for lunch but within their group budget.They will itemize their choices on their worksheet and include quantity and total amounts. Students will be aware that all deluxe meals come with French fries and a drink. Any state tax will not be configured for this lesson. together we will input the information collected from each group onto the organizer. We will analyze, compare and discuss the decisions each group made with their selections and how well they managed their budget. The graphic organizer will also help them reflect one at a time as they see the information unfold from this valuable tool. It is important for stu dents to learn the concept of managing money and to learn to live within their means.

Martinez Company Essay

IntroductionMartinez family is introducing a impertinently product that may be manufactured by using either one of two orders, smashing intensive, or labor intensive mode. For the capital intensive method, the manufacturing cost per unit are contribute cloth at $5.00, direct labor at $6.00, variable overhead costs at $3.00 and ameliorate manufacturing costs at $2,508,000 for the period. For the labor intensive method costs per unit are direct materials at $5.50, direct labor at $8.00, variable overhead costs at $4.50 and fixed manufacturing costs at $1,538,000 for the period. The research de set forthment of Martinez Company recommended an introductory unit sales price of $30. The takeing expenses are approximately $502, 000 annually in addition to $2 for each unit sold regardless of the manufacturing method used.The second part of the research is to determine how many units the company will have to sell annually for both methods to be equal. To determine this number the c ompany will need to calculate the indifference point. The calculation is the total fixed cost of both methods is subtracted and thendivided by the contribution margin per unit for each method. immobility point = (3,010,000-2,040,000)/(14-10) = 242,500. So the company would have to sell 242,500 units for both methods to be equally profitable. This is good education because base on the manufacturing cost of each production method the company will have to sell a specific number of units to maximize profitability. Based on this number the company will use up each method in accordance with the projected number of units to be sold. heavy(p)-Intensive Manufacturing vs. Labor-Intensive Manufacturing In the future, the Martinez Company will need to use either capital-intensive or labor intensive method for production. Capital intensive manufacturing method focuses on a high level of capital investment, while labor intensive focuses on a high level of labor investment. Capital intensive m anufacturing method is mostly used on a large scale production with automated processes. Labor intensive method is mostly presumable used on smaller scale production with personalized products. The capital manufacturing method is also based on whether the organization is producing a standardized product or an exclusive product.The labor intensive manufacturing method should be used when a substantial amount of customer interaction is needed. Capital intensive manufacturing method can be used when the work is too dangerous for employees. With labor intensive manufacturing method at that place are lower fixed costs and higher variable costs. With the capital intensive manufacturing method there are higher fixed costs and variable costs. In this case, the capital intensive method would be the preferred choice if the sales are expected to be higher than the indifference number of $242,500.Capital intensive manufacturing method limits competition by serving as a barrier to entry and a s a capital intensive business, the Martinez Corporation can benefit from this. Barriers to entry are obstacles that prevent young companies to function in capital-intensive industries. Capital intensive manufacturing minimizes human error resulting in a more trenchant and efficient productivity. Another great advantage with capital intensive manufacturing method is the minimal labor impact.

A Christmas to Remember Essay

When I was younger, there were two things that I looked forward to each year Christmas, and the thoughts of get the most popular toy topped the list spending time with my grandfather was a closely second. When I was six, in December of 1990, I found off that I was tone ending to spend Christmas at my grandparents house. It was everything I could possibly hope for. Little did I know at the time, it was handout to be a Christmas I would never forget, and that would change me forever.Christmas, for me, meant the pretty presents, wrapped in shiny paper with huge bows on them, which sat under the tree. It meant the Christmas tree, so beautifully decorated. It meant the splendid Christmas meal made of turkey, ham, vegetables and my moms apple pie. But most of all, the holidays meant the shiny new presents that I would be receiving I would sit around for weeks, attempt to come up with a Christmas list good enough to rival what I knew my friends would be acquiring as well. That year I had to vex a Gameboy, and the Super Mario World game that went along with it. I realize, now, that I was very spoiled, simply I didnt care. The holidays were a time about me, and only me. And this Christmas was going to be the beaver one of all, spent with my grandpa.A lot of young kids are intimidated by their grandparents, whether it be the typical old person smell, the inability to relate to young people, or bonnie the item that they are boring. Not me though, I had the coolest grandfather in the world. He used to dress up give care in different costumes just because he felt like it. The two of us al focuss went out hunting or fishing or sometimes just to sit out on their consortium and talk. Some girls are Daddys girls, but I was a Granddaddys girl. I had never spent Christmas with my grandparents before and could only imagine just how wonderful it could be there. Early in December, my mom told me that we were going to be spending my entire holiday break in Arkansas with my grandparents. In hindsight, I should have known that something was wrong for both my parents to take a month off of fetch but I wasnt thinking about that. I wasnt thinking about anything but my grandpaThe end of school came and went, and in no time we were in the car drivingfrom Dallas, Texas to Magnolia, Arkansas. I watched out the window as we left the flat lands of Texas and entered the small hills of Arkansas. There was even snow on the ground Upon arriving to the house, I could sense something was different. The atmosphere of the house wasnt quite as joyful and ungovernable as usual. My grandfather wasnt his usual self he was trying to be the energetic homophile we all knew, but it just wasnt the same. Even when my aunts, uncles and cousins got to town, things were still very hushed. My cousins and I all knew something was wrong, we just couldnt quite figure out what it was. I eternally heard the hushed whispers of my mom with my naan and my two uncles.Within a couple days everything came to light. In the middle of the night a a few(prenominal) weeks before Christmas, the lights were turned on and my grandfather was taken to the hospital. Even in my groggy state, I knew that things were going to change a lot in the next few days. At the hospital I was inform that my grandfather was not expected to live much longer. He had been diagnosed with colon cancer before I was born and had been in remission, but it was back and it was spreading uncontrollably. The next few days were hard on all of us. We were in and out of the hospital. I forgot that it was even Christmas time. I think my whole family did. My grandpa was constantly in surgery to try to re shine the infected cancerous parts. All of this taking a damage on his body, he was put into ICU. Christmas was now only a couple days away, and universe in ICU meant that there was no hope to spend the holiday with him.Christmas day was the most disheartening work through of it all. On Christmas mor ning, we didnt even want to open presents. It didnt seem right to have something so joyous while he was hanging on for life in a cold raw hospital bed, but we did anyways. I got the Gameboy that I had wanted so badly, only I could have cared less(prenominal) about getting the toy that I had been so excited about only weeks earlier. Rather than formulation at home we went to the hospital and ate in the cafeteria. Reflecting back, I think it was hardest on my grandmother. They had spent intimately 50 Christmases together and for the first time, she was getting a glimpse of what it would be like to spend the tarry without him.The next morning, my grandfather passed away. The complications of his cancer, along with his age, had been too much on him and his body just gave out. I am thankful that I got to spend the last Christmas with the man that I loved so much. There isnt a Christmas that goes by that I dont think about my grandfather, and all of the experiences I have shared with him. Christmas in Arkansas has become a tradition in our family. That year Christmas stopped being about pretty bows and wrapping paper, and started being about memory. I learned that memory is a way of holding on to the things you love, and the things you wish to never lose. In a world changes way too fast, the best we can do is wish each other Merry Christmas and learn that life does, in fact, move on.

Swot Analysis of Li & Fung Ltd

leave-taking I. Backgrounds Study Headquartered in Hong Kong, Li & Fung Limiteds extensive spheric sourcing network covers more than 80 offices in more than 40 economies round the solid ground. The global business comp either supplies higher(prenominal)-volume, meter-sensitive consumer goods. Particularly, garments make up a commodious expound of its profession which also covers the sourcing of hard goods such as fashion accessories, furnishings, gifts, handicrafts, home products, promotional merchandise, toys, sporting goods and travel goods.Li & Fung plays the role as a add on chain passenger vehicle across more producers and countries, covering over 80 offices and over 13,000 go forees in more than 40 economies across North America, europium and Asia. They provide product design and information, gross material and factory sourcing, production planning and management, smell assurance and export documentation to shipping consolidation. raise analysis is a strategi c planning method used to pass judgment the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project in a business post. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that ar favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Part II. SWOT Analysis Strengths of Li & Fung Limited Strength is defined as the characteristics of the business or team that demo it an advantage over another(prenominal)s in the industry.The following part go forth analyze Li & Fung Ltds strengths in s raze aspects, which are flexible coifments in supply, minimization of production apostrophize, expertise in hail control, diversification of risk, complete chain of serving, advanced selective information system and management, and low information court. 1. Flexible adjustments in supplies Li & Fung Limited (Li & Fung in the following) itself does not involve some(prenominal) production activity, on the w hole the goods they provided to the customers are not produced by them. Instead, they have growing network of early 11,000 international suppliers in more 26 cities and countries around the world, such as United Kingdom, United State, Russia and Mainland mainland China (see Figure 1). Therefore, it allows Li & Fung Limited to adjust its supplies to meet the frequent changes in worlds motive. Figure 1 Global dissemination of Li & Fung suppliers 2. Minimization of production cost Li & Fung Limited keeps on finding the production firms that offers the last- indue cost. As sensation product has many components, the company tries to leverage them from different suppliers.With the help of its global distribution of topical anesthetic suppliers, the purchase team of Li & Fung sens compare the prices of each required components, and find out the lowest purchase price. It allows the company to minimize the cost (see Figure 2). Figure 2 Global purchase cost control of Li & Fung / comp onents supply Even in the same region, which is more stintingally convenient for transporting. Li & Fung also tries to control the purchase cost according to the development among near suppliers.Take the example of mainland mainland China, rising in the altogether material and labor costs in China due to inflation and the need for a fairer distribution of income, respectively, have inevitably impacted the overall cost of production. The Group had anticipated that the southern and central, coastal manufacturing areas of China would have more expensive, so it began shifting some of its business to other country, such as India. 3. expertness in cost control Li & Fung Limited has also set up many offices in over 40 countries, in each office, there are a professional team of experts which are well-comprehended the information of the local production factories.It enables them to search for the high- forest, cost-effective sourcing grocerys. Moreover, once they find the new supplier, th e managing team will take time to understand the firms operation well and check the product quality carefully. Since they have knowledge of the operation of similar or related suppliers, to received degree, it prevents the possibility of having low quality products. 4. Diversification of risk There is a well-known saying that do not put all your eggs into the same basket.Li & Fung Limited has engaged in export trading of many different kinds of both hardgoods and softgoods, such as fashion accessories, furnishings, gifts, handicrafts, toys, sporting goods and traveling goods (see Figure 3). If one of them becomes unpopular, they green goddess slow shift their focus on the other goods. Then, it does not affect the companys profit wint be impacted by the drop in sales or consumer loyalty of one single goods. Figure 3 Diversity in Li & Fungs multiple brands supply 5. fatten out chain of assistance In the past, Li & Fung used to do simple searching of products.For example, a custo mer wants product X, and then their task is to find a factory that foot do that. Now, Li & Fung run their business. It provides a complete and one-stop shopping service for customers, that fashion from product design and development through raw material and factory sourcing, production planning and management, quality assurance, and export documentation to shipping. All the treat is elegant by them and it brings more revenue to them (see Figure 4 at the right). Figure 4 Supply grasp 6. Advanced information system and managementLi & Fung has established sophisticated & Internet-based systems to link up all its business partners, including customers, producers, distributors, logistics service providers etc. The application of IT aims to provide more value-added services, shorten lead-time, lower cost and enhance flexibility. 7. Low information cost From past to now, Li & Fung has still persist in to grow because customers were much easier to identify than suppliers. Usually, S uppliers were large in amount, fragmented, smaller and located in emerging markets. So, Li & Fung serve as a database of these suppliers, it could source the goods easier than customers.Li & Fung importantly lowers the information cost of the customers, thats why the company still grows. Weaknesses of Li & Fung Limited Weakness is the characteristics that place the firm at a disadvantage relative to others. The following part will analyze Li & Fung Ltds weaknesses in four aspects, which are No self-owned factory, No self-owned shipping port, Over dependence on US Market, Vast and obscure supplier network. 1. No self-owned factory Aforementioned, Li & Fung does not own any production firm. There is no doubt that it is good for the company to have a flexible supply of inventory.Nevertheless, the production cost will be passively controlled by other. If the whole price level of a region rise, it takes some times to search a new suppliers. 2. No self-owned shipping port Li & Fung does not own any shipping port. All the goods and materials are transported by other shipping agents. In contrast, one of their main competitors, Hutchison Whampoa, has their private port. It will be more flexible in the shipping register and more easy in cost control. 3. Over dependence on US Market gibe to turnover report (see Figure 5), from 2006 to 2009, the turnover from USA and Europe is over 90%.In Contrast, the proportion from China is even less than 1%. In recent years, there are many financial problems in USA and Europe, a good example is the subprime mortgage crisis. If the economy of USA and Europe recover easily, the demand for export service decline, it will analogously affect the profit of the company. Figure 5 4. Vast and complicated supplier network Li and Fung has the network of nearly 11,000 international suppliers in more 26 cities and countries around the world, they were large in amount, fragmented, smaller and located in emerging markets.To manage them, it is v ery time-consuming and costly. The process takes many staffs as there is still a lot of human factor in business relationship. It cannot yet be replaced by technology. It incurs high labour cost. Opportunity of Li & Fung Limited Opportunity means the external chances to make greater sales or profits in the surroundings. 1. China market Nowadays, every companies glare at China like a tiger eyeing its prey. China, As the worlds second biggest economy and one of the highest potential of leading country in future, it is profitable to set up its own brands and reputation in China.In beau monde to get more market share, previously, Li & Fung will become a sourcing agent for Li Ning Co. brands in local and foreign markets. They will responsible for sourcing for a surf of products including running, basketball and lifestyle lines. 2. Improvement in IT & Internet Technology is improving at the tremendous vivify by leaps and bounds. The advanced tele-communication and internet certainly enhance Internal & External Communication. It can consolidate the global network with the infinite suppliers. Also, more works can be progressed by the computer instead of people. It can reduce the labour cost at the same time. . Lower cost in the developing countries The continue emergence of the developing countries enable Li & Fung to source the new market which offer the lower purchase cost. On the other hand, in these developing countries, like India, usually provide a pool of chintzy labour. It lowers the labour cost too. Threats of Li & Fung Limited In SWOT model, threat refers to the external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business. Under the background of post financial crisis time, I consider certain exist trends or disputation may potentially threaten Li & Fung Ltds future development in the global market. . Rise of trade protectionism around the world In recent years, there is a rising trend of trade protectionism, especially in western co untries. Increasing amount of tariffs or quotas on the importation of foreign goods and services have been installed by many countries or economic bodies in order to protect domestic interest and local enterprises. The actions of putting sizable tariffs on other countrys major part or even entire line of exports would be regarded as highly unusual at the time before global financial crisis in 2008. However, it is quite common today.Thats why some even argue and doubt their legality under international trade law. These actions will certainly threaten Li & Fungs global supply trading business, which need to buy and sell goods from one part of the world to another. On the one hand, the extra effort on processing newly added legal or regulational mental test and approval might slow down the trading and transporting speed on the other hand, the business cost is likely to increase because more and more human forces or resources are required to handle problems when trading goods globally. 2. Disputation of currency exchange ratesMoreover, the hot disputation on currency exchange rate can be regarded as another potential threat to Li & Fungs global trading business. In order to recover fast from the weak and weary economic status, the US government carried out a quantitative easing approach to maintain its trading competitiveness around the world. In the early November 2010, federal Reserve Board has just announced QE2. More cheap money for investors to play with suggests a and cheapening of the currency of US dollar and higher plus prices in other regions, typically those developing countries.Increasing asset prices could be a headache to Li & Fung, since its profit is quite sensitive to the goods purchase costs. Today, the prices of raw materials, manufacture goods and labor forces are no longer that significantly cheap in developing countries or regions like mainland China, India or Latin America, especially in garments industry. Hence, the ups-and-downs of glo bal currency exchange rates may aggravate the situation and become another risk to the global expending strategy Li & Fung. 3.Former entered competitors Comparatively speaking, Li & Fung is not the earliest bird who stepped in China market, though it recently emphasizes its strategic turn from US & Europe market to mainland China. Thus in the market of mainland China, Li & Fung Ltd has to face some strong competitors in the future years, such as Hutchison Whampoa Limited, another huge international corporation originates from Hong Kong and led by Li Ka-Shing and his business group. Part III. Competitive advantages of Li & Fung LimitedCompetitive advantage is defined as the distinctive edge comes from the judicatures core competencies because the organization does something the others cannot do or does it better than others. In the following, I have considered triad points that give Li & Fung to have Competitive advantages. 1. Li & Fungs customized service One of the Li & Fung se ven principles is customer-centric and respond accordingly to the market demand. Li & Fung will first know the customers inescapably comprehensively. Then, the product will be designed and developed. The process will go on until the shipment is completed.It gives the high degree of freedom to customers, as all the process are actually controlled by them. If they have any problem or opinion, they are free to adjust. Also, the staffs in Li & Fung are well-trained as they know that human capital is the key factor to the growth and profitability of business. The quality of service and staffs are exclusive in Li & Fung, but not the other competitors in this industry. Because of the customized service and excellent service, It is not surprising that Li & Fung cut the direct relationship between suppliers and customers.Li & Fung act the role as middleman, They know much nearly information of the demand and supply side. Finally, both suppliers and customers become reliant on Li & Fung. Th is relationship doesnt easily change. 2. Global sourcing network Li & Fung plays the role as a supply chain manager across many producers and countries, covering over 80 offices and over 13,000 employees in more than 40 economies across North America, Europe and Asia. It enable them look for the high-quality, cost-effective product. Their global network is much larger than the other competitors, so Li & Fung can do better in this industry. . Economies of scale Aforementioned, Li & Fung covers more than 80 offices in more than 40 economies around the world. The company set up over 80 offices and employ 13,000 employees. It can enjoy economies of scale, for examples, discount from bulk purchase of materials from the firms, increasing the specialization of manager, increasing degree of divider of labour, lower-interest rate charged when obtaining loan from banks and having access to a greater choices of financial instruments, spreading the cost of advertisement over a large amount of goods. Part III.Suggestions on strategic approach in Li & Fung Limited future development 1. Focus on the China Market China is known for its large population and rich in natural resources. China has a population of more than 1. 1 billion, The Chinese economy has been upsurging since 50s, and particular in recent decades, the implementation of open door policy and the economic reform have given a great influence on Chinese economic development. It caused a significant increase in the living standards of the Chinese people, and has also led to further economic construction.These changes in turn have created an larger consumer market in China. As the economies of USA and Europe grow slowly and the market is already well-established, it is of vital importance of Li & Fung to increase the market share in china in order to increase the gross profit in the following years For example, Li & Fung can cooperate with the well-known brands in China, such as the another famous sports brand, An ta. 2. Develop the online commercial service Like the success of Alibaba. om, Alibaba is the global leader in e-commerce for small businesses that includes business-to-business international trade, online retail and payment platforms and data-centric cloud computing services. It has more than 8 million small and midsize companies using its business-to-business online marketplace. In this example, I believe that Li & Fung can imitate this kind of e-commerce. They are experienced in this field. It is profitable to expand their service to online service. It may bring a new market and higher profit to company

Does Trainspotting Glorify Heroin and Drug Taking?

DOES TRAINSPOTTING GLORIFY HEROIN AND DRUG TAKING? Danny Boyles outstanding accommodation of Irvine Welshs stunning novel Trainspotting has managed to stir some trouble since its release in 1996. to the highest degree reviews c whole it shocking exactly no matter how shocking it still ranks as one(a) of the trump Scottish movies. The film shaked debates about dose use, specifically heroin, as it neither condones the use of heroin nor shuns those who beget become addicted to the medicate. There are m any valid arguments stating that the movie glorifies heroin and other drug usage.Take, for example, during the opening scenes of the movie, Renton (the main character) tells the audience that he wouldnt choose life, and that he has no reason for this and continues who needfully reasons when youve got heroin? . Hes telling the audience that life is nonhing compared to heroin, hed earlier choose to rot his life away and throw his money away on an illegal, life destroying drug a nd that he push asidet justify it. Hes glorifying heroin by stating that heroin negates any reason for choosing a responsible and safe life.It is clear how people believe that the movie glorifies heroin as this is not the only point in the movie that heroin is said to be bettor than life. ulterior on in the opening scenes, Renton lists some of the things you worry about in life (bills, nutrient, football and relationships) but finishes by saying all the things that really dont matter when you have a heartfelt and truthful junk habit. This list includes things that are relatively essential to a healthy life food for the obvious reasons, football or other hobbies so that life isnt all work and relationships that imbibe people happy and sane.Apparently, however, a junk habit is worth so much more than things that can make humans happy. Junk, a word used to describe filth or garbage, is better for your life than food or relationships. This clearly glorifies heroin as its taking human ineluctably and saying that heroin is much better and more important. On the contrary however, the film is not sloping. It does not just glorify heroin and other drugs, in fact, at some points the film even certifys the thorough damage that drugs can do.Take the scene where Renton is going cold turkey for instance. In this scene, Renton has a frantic ambitiousness in which he is threatened by Begbie, he visualises Spud in a prison trailer truck and Tommy is shown to look sick and weak. He also visualises baby Dawn, the infant that died earlier in the movie, crawling along the ceiling before twisting her head and dropping on his face. This sort of dream can cause great psychological damage, Renton could suffer from recurring nightmares due to his hallucinations and end up mentally ill.Not only does Trainspotting show the psychological effects of drugs but also the dangers of heroin use. Later in the film, Tommy contracts HIV from a skanky needle. This isnt the end of To mmys sicknesses. He buys a kitten for his ex who declines it and Tommy has to keep it. He takes austere care of it as he is drugged up most of the time and the cat begins to defecate all over his flat. This causes Tommy to get toxoplasmosis which causes him to have a stroke and he dies in his flat. His lack of sobriety was the problem.If he hadnt have been using heroin, he could have got his girlfriend back, avoiding the kitten issue and not acquire toxoplasmosis but unfortunately he was using heroin which shows how heroin can swiftly destroy a life. In conclusion, Trainspotting finds the perfect balance and neither glorifies nor condemns those that use heroin or any drug. The arguments on one side are negated by arguments on the other so it is not possible to say that Trainspotting is biased when it comes to the glorification of heroin and drugs.